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Filename : Metadata.pm
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package DBI::DBD::Metadata;

# $Id: Metadata.pm 14213 2010-06-30 19:29:18Z Martin $
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jonathan Leffler, Jochen Wiedmann,
# Steffen Goeldner and Tim Bunce
#
# You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
# License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.

use strict;

use Exporter ();
use Carp;

use DBI;
use DBI::Const::GetInfoType qw(%GetInfoType);

our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT = qw(write_getinfo_pm write_typeinfo_pm);

our $VERSION = "2.014214";


=head1 NAME

DBI::DBD::Metadata - Generate the code and data for some DBI metadata methods

=head1 SYNOPSIS

The idea is to extract metadata information from a good quality
ODBC driver and use it to generate code and data to use in your own
DBI driver for the same database.

To generate code to support the get_info method:

  perl -MDBI::DBD::Metadata -e "write_getinfo_pm('dbi:ODBC:dsn-name','user','pass','Driver')"

  perl -MDBI::DBD::Metadata -e write_getinfo_pm dbi:ODBC:foo_db username password Driver

To generate code to support the type_info method:

  perl -MDBI::DBD::Metadata -e "write_typeinfo_pm('dbi:ODBC:dsn-name','user','pass','Driver')"

  perl -MDBI::DBD::Metadata -e write_typeinfo_pm dbi:ODBC:dsn-name user pass Driver

Where C<dbi:ODBC:dsn-name> is the connection to use to extract the
data, and C<Driver> is the name of the driver you want the code
generated for (the driver name gets embedded into the output in
numerous places).

=head1 Generating a GetInfo package for a driver

The C<write_getinfo_pm> in the DBI::DBD::Metadata module generates a
DBD::Driver::GetInfo package on standard output.

This method generates a DBD::Driver::GetInfo package from the data
source you specified in the parameter list or in the environment
variable DBI_DSN.
DBD::Driver::GetInfo should help a DBD author implement the DBI
get_info() method.
Because you are just creating this package, it is very unlikely that
DBD::Driver already provides a good implementation for get_info().
Thus you will probably connect via DBD::ODBC.

Once you are sure that it is producing reasonably sane data, you should
typically redirect the standard output to lib/DBD/Driver/GetInfo.pm, and
then hand edit the result.
Do not forget to update your Makefile.PL and MANIFEST to include this as
an extra PM file that should be installed.

If you connect via DBD::ODBC, you should use version 0.38 or greater;

Please take a critical look at the data returned!
ODBC drivers vary dramatically in their quality.

The generator assumes that most values are static and places these
values directly in the %info hash.
A few examples show the use of CODE references and the implementation
via subroutines.
It is very likely that you will have to write additional subroutines for
values depending on the session state or server version, e.g.
SQL_DBMS_VER.

A possible implementation of DBD::Driver::db::get_info() may look like:

  sub get_info {
    my($dbh, $info_type) = @_;
    require DBD::Driver::GetInfo;
    my $v = $DBD::Driver::GetInfo::info{int($info_type)};
    $v = $v->($dbh) if ref $v eq 'CODE';
    return $v;
  }

Please replace Driver (or "<foo>") with the name of your driver.
Note that this stub function is generated for you by write_getinfo_pm
function, but you must manually transfer the code to Driver.pm.

=cut

sub write_getinfo_pm
{
    my ($dsn, $user, $pass, $driver) = @_ ? @_ : @ARGV;
    my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, {RaiseError=>1});
    $driver = "<foo>" unless defined $driver;

    print <<PERL;

# Transfer this to ${driver}.pm

# The get_info function was automatically generated by
# DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_getinfo_pm v$DBI::DBD::Metadata::VERSION.

package DBD::${driver}::db;         # This line can be removed once transferred.

    sub get_info {
        my(\$dbh, \$info_type) = \@_;
        require DBD::${driver}::GetInfo;
        my \$v = \$DBD::${driver}::GetInfo::info{int(\$info_type)};
        \$v = \$v->(\$dbh) if ref \$v eq 'CODE';
        return \$v;
    }

# Transfer this to lib/DBD/${driver}/GetInfo.pm

# The \%info hash was automatically generated by
# DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_getinfo_pm v$DBI::DBD::Metadata::VERSION.

package DBD::${driver}::GetInfo;

use strict;
use DBD::${driver};

# Beware: not officially documented interfaces...
# use DBI::Const::GetInfoType qw(\%GetInfoType);
# use DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn qw(\%GetInfoReturnTypes \%GetInfoReturnValues);

my \$sql_driver = '${driver}';
my \$sql_ver_fmt = '%02d.%02d.%04d';   # ODBC version string: ##.##.#####
my \$sql_driver_ver = sprintf \$sql_ver_fmt, split (/\\./, \$DBD::${driver}::VERSION);
PERL

my $kw_map = 0;
{
# Informix CLI (ODBC) v3.81.0000 does not return a list of keywords.
    local $\ = "\n";
    local $, = "\n";
    my ($kw) = $dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_KEYWORDS});
    if ($kw)
    {
        print "\nmy \@Keywords = qw(\n";
        print sort split /,/, $kw;
        print ");\n\n";
        print "sub sql_keywords {\n";
        print q%    return join ',', @Keywords;%;
        print "\n}\n\n";
        $kw_map = 1;
    }
}

    print <<'PERL';

sub sql_data_source_name {
    my $dbh = shift;
    return "dbi:$sql_driver:" . $dbh->{Name};
}

sub sql_user_name {
    my $dbh = shift;
    # CURRENT_USER is a non-standard attribute, probably undef
    # Username is a standard DBI attribute
    return $dbh->{CURRENT_USER} || $dbh->{Username};
}

PERL

	print "\nour \%info = (\n";
    foreach my $key (sort keys %GetInfoType)
    {
        my $num = $GetInfoType{$key};
        my $val = eval { $dbh->get_info($num); };
        if ($key eq 'SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME') {
            $val = '\&sql_data_source_name';
        }
        elsif ($key eq 'SQL_KEYWORDS') {
            $val = ($kw_map) ? '\&sql_keywords' : 'undef';
        }
        elsif ($key eq 'SQL_DRIVER_NAME') {
            $val = "\$INC{'DBD/$driver.pm'}";
        }
        elsif ($key eq 'SQL_DRIVER_VER') {
            $val = '$sql_driver_ver';
        }
        elsif ($key eq 'SQL_USER_NAME') {
            $val = '\&sql_user_name';
        }
        elsif (not defined $val) {
            $val = 'undef';
        }
        elsif ($val eq '') {
            $val = "''";
        }
        elsif ($val =~ /\D/) {
            $val =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
            $val =~ s/'/\\'/g;
            $val = "'$val'";
        }
        printf "%s %5d => %-30s # %s\n", (($val eq 'undef') ? '#' : ' '), $num, "$val,", $key;
    }
	print ");\n\n1;\n\n__END__\n";
}



=head1 Generating a TypeInfo package for a driver

The C<write_typeinfo_pm> function in the DBI::DBD::Metadata module generates
on standard output the data needed for a driver's type_info_all method.
It also provides default implementations of the type_info_all
method for inclusion in the driver's main implementation file.

The driver parameter is the name of the driver for which the methods
will be generated; for the sake of examples, this will be "Driver".
Typically, the dsn parameter will be of the form "dbi:ODBC:odbc_dsn",
where the odbc_dsn is a DSN for one of the driver's databases.
The user and pass parameters are the other optional connection
parameters that will be provided to the DBI connect method.

Once you are sure that it is producing reasonably sane data, you should
typically redirect the standard output to lib/DBD/Driver/TypeInfo.pm,
and then hand edit the result if necessary.
Do not forget to update your Makefile.PL and MANIFEST to include this as
an extra PM file that should be installed.

Please take a critical look at the data returned!
ODBC drivers vary dramatically in their quality.

The generator assumes that all the values are static and places these
values directly in the %info hash.

A possible implementation of DBD::Driver::type_info_all() may look like:

  sub type_info_all {
    my ($dbh) = @_;
    require DBD::Driver::TypeInfo;
    return [ @$DBD::Driver::TypeInfo::type_info_all ];
  }

Please replace Driver (or "<foo>") with the name of your driver.
Note that this stub function is generated for you by the write_typeinfo_pm
function, but you must manually transfer the code to Driver.pm.

=cut


# These two are used by fmt_value...
my %dbi_inv;
my %sql_type_inv;

#-DEBUGGING-#
#sub print_hash
#{
#   my ($name, %hash) = @_;
#   print "Hash: $name\n";
#   foreach my $key (keys %hash)
#   {
#       print "$key => $hash{$key}\n";
#   }
#}
#-DEBUGGING-#

sub inverse_hash
{
    my (%hash) = @_;
    my (%inv);
    foreach my $key (keys %hash)
    {
        my $val = $hash{$key};
        die "Double mapping for key value $val ($inv{$val}, $key)!"
            if (defined $inv{$val});
        $inv{$val} = $key;
    }
    return %inv;
}

sub fmt_value
{
    my ($num, $val) = @_;
    if (!defined $val)
    {
        $val = "undef";
    }
    elsif ($val !~ m/^[-+]?\d+$/)
    {
        # All the numbers in type_info_all are integers!
        # Anything that isn't an integer is a string.
        # Ensure that no double quotes screw things up.
        $val =~ s/"/\\"/g if ($val =~ m/"/o);
        $val = qq{"$val"};
    }
    elsif ($dbi_inv{$num} =~ m/^(SQL_)?DATA_TYPE$/)
    {
        # All numeric...
        $val = $sql_type_inv{$val}
            if (defined $sql_type_inv{$val});
    }
    return $val;
}

sub write_typeinfo_pm
{
    my ($dsn, $user, $pass, $driver) = @_ ? @_ : @ARGV;
    my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, {AutoCommit=>1, RaiseError=>1});
    $driver = "<foo>" unless defined $driver;

    print <<PERL;

# Transfer this to ${driver}.pm

# The type_info_all function was automatically generated by
# DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_typeinfo_pm v$DBI::DBD::Metadata::VERSION.

package DBD::${driver}::db;         # This line can be removed once transferred.

    sub type_info_all
    {
        my (\$dbh) = \@_;
        require DBD::${driver}::TypeInfo;
        return [ \@\$DBD::${driver}::TypeInfo::type_info_all ];
    }

# Transfer this to lib/DBD/${driver}/TypeInfo.pm.
# Don't forget to add version and intellectual property control information.

# The \%type_info_all hash was automatically generated by
# DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_typeinfo_pm v$DBI::DBD::Metadata::VERSION.

package DBD::${driver}::TypeInfo;

{
    require Exporter;
    require DynaLoader;
    \@ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
    \@EXPORT = qw(type_info_all);
    use DBI qw(:sql_types);

PERL

    # Generate SQL type name mapping hashes.
	# See code fragment in DBI specification.
    my %sql_type_map;
    foreach (@{$DBI::EXPORT_TAGS{sql_types}})
    {
        no strict 'refs';
        $sql_type_map{$_} = &{"DBI::$_"}();
        $sql_type_inv{$sql_type_map{$_}} = $_;
    }
    #-DEBUG-# print_hash("sql_type_map", %sql_type_map);
    #-DEBUG-# print_hash("sql_type_inv", %sql_type_inv);

    my %dbi_map =
        (
            TYPE_NAME          =>  0,
            DATA_TYPE          =>  1,
            COLUMN_SIZE        =>  2,
            LITERAL_PREFIX     =>  3,
            LITERAL_SUFFIX     =>  4,
            CREATE_PARAMS      =>  5,
            NULLABLE           =>  6,
            CASE_SENSITIVE     =>  7,
            SEARCHABLE         =>  8,
            UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE =>  9,
            FIXED_PREC_SCALE   => 10,
            AUTO_UNIQUE_VALUE  => 11,
            LOCAL_TYPE_NAME    => 12,
            MINIMUM_SCALE      => 13,
            MAXIMUM_SCALE      => 14,
            SQL_DATA_TYPE      => 15,
            SQL_DATETIME_SUB   => 16,
            NUM_PREC_RADIX     => 17,
            INTERVAL_PRECISION => 18,
        );

    #-DEBUG-# print_hash("dbi_map", %dbi_map);

    %dbi_inv = inverse_hash(%dbi_map);

    #-DEBUG-# print_hash("dbi_inv", %dbi_inv);

    my $maxlen = 0;
    foreach my $key (keys %dbi_map)
    {
        $maxlen = length($key) if length($key) > $maxlen;
    }

    # Print the name/value mapping entry in the type_info_all array;
    my $fmt = "            \%-${maxlen}s => \%2d,\n";
    my $numkey = 0;
    my $maxkey = 0;
    print "    \$type_info_all = [\n        {\n";
    foreach my $i (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %dbi_inv)
    {
        printf($fmt, $dbi_inv{$i}, $i);
        $numkey++;
        $maxkey = $i;
    }
    print "        },\n";

    print STDERR "### WARNING - Non-dense set of keys ($numkey keys, $maxkey max key)\n"
        unless $numkey = $maxkey + 1;

    my $h = $dbh->type_info_all;
    my @tia = @$h;
    my %odbc_map = map { uc $_ => $tia[0]->{$_} } keys %{$tia[0]};
    shift @tia;     # Remove the mapping reference.
    my $numtyp = $#tia;

    #-DEBUG-# print_hash("odbc_map", %odbc_map);

    # In theory, the key/number mapping sequence for %dbi_map
    # should be the same as the one from the ODBC driver.  However, to
    # prevent the possibility of mismatches, and to deal with older
    # missing attributes or unexpected new ones, we chase back through
    # the %dbi_inv and %odbc_map hashes, generating @dbi_to_odbc
    # to map our new key number to the old one.
    # Report if @dbi_to_odbc is not an identity mapping.
    my @dbi_to_odbc;
    foreach my $num (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %dbi_inv)
    {
        # Find the name in %dbi_inv that matches this index number.
        my $dbi_key = $dbi_inv{$num};
        #-DEBUG-# print "dbi_key = $dbi_key\n";
        #-DEBUG-# print "odbc_key = $odbc_map{$dbi_key}\n";
        # Find the index in %odbc_map that has this key.
        $dbi_to_odbc[$num] = (defined $odbc_map{$dbi_key}) ? $odbc_map{$dbi_key} : undef;
    }

    # Determine the length of the longest formatted value in each field
    my @len;
    for (my $i = 0; $i <= $numtyp; $i++)
    {
        my @odbc_val = @{$tia[$i]};
        for (my $num = 0; $num <= $maxkey; $num++)
        {
            # Find the value of the entry in the @odbc_val array.
            my $val = (defined $dbi_to_odbc[$num]) ? $odbc_val[$dbi_to_odbc[$num]] : undef;
            $val = fmt_value($num, $val);
            #-DEBUG-# print "val = $val\n";
            $val = "$val,";
            $len[$num] = length($val) if !defined $len[$num] || length($val) > $len[$num];
        }
    }

    # Generate format strings to left justify each string in maximum field width.
    my @fmt;
    for (my $i = 0; $i <= $maxkey; $i++)
    {
        $fmt[$i] = "%-$len[$i]s";
        #-DEBUG-# print "fmt[$i] = $fmt[$i]\n";
    }

    # Format the data from type_info_all
    for (my $i = 0; $i <= $numtyp; $i++)
    {
        my @odbc_val = @{$tia[$i]};
        print "        [ ";
        for (my $num = 0; $num <= $maxkey; $num++)
        {
            # Find the value of the entry in the @odbc_val array.
            my $val = (defined $dbi_to_odbc[$num]) ? $odbc_val[$dbi_to_odbc[$num]] : undef;
            $val = fmt_value($num, $val);
            printf $fmt[$num], "$val,";
        }
        print " ],\n";
    }

    print "    ];\n\n    1;\n}\n\n__END__\n";

}

1;

__END__

=head1 AUTHORS

Jonathan Leffler <jleffler@us.ibm.com> (previously <jleffler@informix.com>),
Jochen Wiedmann <joe@ispsoft.de>,
Steffen Goeldner <sgoeldner@cpan.org>,
and Tim Bunce <dbi-users@perl.org>.

=cut