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# mako/template.py # Copyright 2006-2024 the Mako authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file> # # This module is part of Mako and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """Provides the Template class, a facade for parsing, generating and executing template strings, as well as template runtime operations.""" import json import os import re import shutil import stat import tempfile import types import weakref from mako import cache from mako import codegen from mako import compat from mako import exceptions from mako import runtime from mako import util from mako.lexer import Lexer class Template: r"""Represents a compiled template. :class:`.Template` includes a reference to the original template source (via the :attr:`.source` attribute) as well as the source code of the generated Python module (i.e. the :attr:`.code` attribute), as well as a reference to an actual Python module. :class:`.Template` is constructed using either a literal string representing the template text, or a filename representing a filesystem path to a source file. :param text: textual template source. This argument is mutually exclusive versus the ``filename`` parameter. :param filename: filename of the source template. This argument is mutually exclusive versus the ``text`` parameter. :param buffer_filters: string list of filters to be applied to the output of ``%def``\ s which are buffered, cached, or otherwise filtered, after all filters defined with the ``%def`` itself have been applied. Allows the creation of default expression filters that let the output of return-valued ``%def``\ s "opt out" of that filtering via passing special attributes or objects. :param cache_args: Dictionary of cache configuration arguments that will be passed to the :class:`.CacheImpl`. See :ref:`caching_toplevel`. :param cache_dir: .. deprecated:: 0.6 Use the ``'dir'`` argument in the ``cache_args`` dictionary. See :ref:`caching_toplevel`. :param cache_enabled: Boolean flag which enables caching of this template. See :ref:`caching_toplevel`. :param cache_impl: String name of a :class:`.CacheImpl` caching implementation to use. Defaults to ``'beaker'``. :param cache_type: .. deprecated:: 0.6 Use the ``'type'`` argument in the ``cache_args`` dictionary. See :ref:`caching_toplevel`. :param cache_url: .. deprecated:: 0.6 Use the ``'url'`` argument in the ``cache_args`` dictionary. See :ref:`caching_toplevel`. :param default_filters: List of string filter names that will be applied to all expressions. See :ref:`filtering_default_filters`. :param enable_loop: When ``True``, enable the ``loop`` context variable. This can be set to ``False`` to support templates that may be making usage of the name "``loop``". Individual templates can re-enable the "loop" context by placing the directive ``enable_loop="True"`` inside the ``<%page>`` tag -- see :ref:`migrating_loop`. :param encoding_errors: Error parameter passed to ``encode()`` when string encoding is performed. See :ref:`usage_unicode`. :param error_handler: Python callable which is called whenever compile or runtime exceptions occur. The callable is passed the current context as well as the exception. If the callable returns ``True``, the exception is considered to be handled, else it is re-raised after the function completes. Is used to provide custom error-rendering functions. .. seealso:: :paramref:`.Template.include_error_handler` - include-specific error handler function :param format_exceptions: if ``True``, exceptions which occur during the render phase of this template will be caught and formatted into an HTML error page, which then becomes the rendered result of the :meth:`.render` call. Otherwise, runtime exceptions are propagated outwards. :param imports: String list of Python statements, typically individual "import" lines, which will be placed into the module level preamble of all generated Python modules. See the example in :ref:`filtering_default_filters`. :param future_imports: String list of names to import from `__future__`. These will be concatenated into a comma-separated string and inserted into the beginning of the template, e.g. ``futures_imports=['FOO', 'BAR']`` results in ``from __future__ import FOO, BAR``. If you're interested in using features like the new division operator, you must use future_imports to convey that to the renderer, as otherwise the import will not appear as the first executed statement in the generated code and will therefore not have the desired effect. :param include_error_handler: An error handler that runs when this template is included within another one via the ``<%include>`` tag, and raises an error. Compare to the :paramref:`.Template.error_handler` option. .. versionadded:: 1.0.6 .. seealso:: :paramref:`.Template.error_handler` - top-level error handler function :param input_encoding: Encoding of the template's source code. Can be used in lieu of the coding comment. See :ref:`usage_unicode` as well as :ref:`unicode_toplevel` for details on source encoding. :param lookup: a :class:`.TemplateLookup` instance that will be used for all file lookups via the ``<%namespace>``, ``<%include>``, and ``<%inherit>`` tags. See :ref:`usage_templatelookup`. :param module_directory: Filesystem location where generated Python module files will be placed. :param module_filename: Overrides the filename of the generated Python module file. For advanced usage only. :param module_writer: A callable which overrides how the Python module is written entirely. The callable is passed the encoded source content of the module and the destination path to be written to. The default behavior of module writing uses a tempfile in conjunction with a file move in order to make the operation atomic. So a user-defined module writing function that mimics the default behavior would be: .. sourcecode:: python import tempfile import os import shutil def module_writer(source, outputpath): (dest, name) = \\ tempfile.mkstemp( dir=os.path.dirname(outputpath) ) os.write(dest, source) os.close(dest) shutil.move(name, outputpath) from mako.template import Template mytemplate = Template( filename="index.html", module_directory="/path/to/modules", module_writer=module_writer ) The function is provided for unusual configurations where certain platform-specific permissions or other special steps are needed. :param output_encoding: The encoding to use when :meth:`.render` is called. See :ref:`usage_unicode` as well as :ref:`unicode_toplevel`. :param preprocessor: Python callable which will be passed the full template source before it is parsed. The return result of the callable will be used as the template source code. :param lexer_cls: A :class:`.Lexer` class used to parse the template. The :class:`.Lexer` class is used by default. .. versionadded:: 0.7.4 :param strict_undefined: Replaces the automatic usage of ``UNDEFINED`` for any undeclared variables not located in the :class:`.Context` with an immediate raise of ``NameError``. The advantage is immediate reporting of missing variables which include the name. .. versionadded:: 0.3.6 :param uri: string URI or other identifier for this template. If not provided, the ``uri`` is generated from the filesystem path, or from the in-memory identity of a non-file-based template. The primary usage of the ``uri`` is to provide a key within :class:`.TemplateLookup`, as well as to generate the file path of the generated Python module file, if ``module_directory`` is specified. """ lexer_cls = Lexer def __init__( self, text=None, filename=None, uri=None, format_exceptions=False, error_handler=None, lookup=None, output_encoding=None, encoding_errors="strict", module_directory=None, cache_args=None, cache_impl="beaker", cache_enabled=True, cache_type=None, cache_dir=None, cache_url=None, module_filename=None, input_encoding=None, module_writer=None, default_filters=None, buffer_filters=(), strict_undefined=False, imports=None, future_imports=None, enable_loop=True, preprocessor=None, lexer_cls=None, include_error_handler=None, ): if uri: self.module_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", uri) self.uri = uri elif filename: self.module_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", filename) drive, path = os.path.splitdrive(filename) path = os.path.normpath(path).replace(os.path.sep, "/") self.uri = path else: self.module_id = "memory:" + hex(id(self)) self.uri = self.module_id u_norm = self.uri if u_norm.startswith("/"): u_norm = u_norm[1:] u_norm = os.path.normpath(u_norm) if u_norm.startswith(".."): raise exceptions.TemplateLookupException( 'Template uri "%s" is invalid - ' "it cannot be relative outside " "of the root path." % self.uri ) self.input_encoding = input_encoding self.output_encoding = output_encoding self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors self.enable_loop = enable_loop self.strict_undefined = strict_undefined self.module_writer = module_writer if default_filters is None: self.default_filters = ["str"] else: self.default_filters = default_filters self.buffer_filters = buffer_filters self.imports = imports self.future_imports = future_imports self.preprocessor = preprocessor if lexer_cls is not None: self.lexer_cls = lexer_cls # if plain text, compile code in memory only if text is not None: (code, module) = _compile_text(self, text, filename) self._code = code self._source = text ModuleInfo(module, None, self, filename, code, text, uri) elif filename is not None: # if template filename and a module directory, load # a filesystem-based module file, generating if needed if module_filename is not None: path = module_filename elif module_directory is not None: path = os.path.abspath( os.path.join( os.path.normpath(module_directory), u_norm + ".py" ) ) else: path = None module = self._compile_from_file(path, filename) else: raise exceptions.RuntimeException( "Template requires text or filename" ) self.module = module self.filename = filename self.callable_ = self.module.render_body self.format_exceptions = format_exceptions self.error_handler = error_handler self.include_error_handler = include_error_handler self.lookup = lookup self.module_directory = module_directory self._setup_cache_args( cache_impl, cache_enabled, cache_args, cache_type, cache_dir, cache_url, ) @util.memoized_property def reserved_names(self): if self.enable_loop: return codegen.RESERVED_NAMES else: return codegen.RESERVED_NAMES.difference(["loop"]) def _setup_cache_args( self, cache_impl, cache_enabled, cache_args, cache_type, cache_dir, cache_url, ): self.cache_impl = cache_impl self.cache_enabled = cache_enabled self.cache_args = cache_args or {} # transfer deprecated cache_* args if cache_type: self.cache_args["type"] = cache_type if cache_dir: self.cache_args["dir"] = cache_dir if cache_url: self.cache_args["url"] = cache_url def _compile_from_file(self, path, filename): if path is not None: util.verify_directory(os.path.dirname(path)) filemtime = os.stat(filename)[stat.ST_MTIME] if ( not os.path.exists(path) or os.stat(path)[stat.ST_MTIME] < filemtime ): data = util.read_file(filename) _compile_module_file( self, data, filename, path, self.module_writer ) module = compat.load_module(self.module_id, path) if module._magic_number != codegen.MAGIC_NUMBER: data = util.read_file(filename) _compile_module_file( self, data, filename, path, self.module_writer ) module = compat.load_module(self.module_id, path) ModuleInfo(module, path, self, filename, None, None, None) else: # template filename and no module directory, compile code # in memory data = util.read_file(filename) code, module = _compile_text(self, data, filename) self._source = None self._code = code ModuleInfo(module, None, self, filename, code, None, None) return module @property def source(self): """Return the template source code for this :class:`.Template`.""" return _get_module_info_from_callable(self.callable_).source @property def code(self): """Return the module source code for this :class:`.Template`.""" return _get_module_info_from_callable(self.callable_).code @util.memoized_property def cache(self): return cache.Cache(self) @property def cache_dir(self): return self.cache_args["dir"] @property def cache_url(self): return self.cache_args["url"] @property def cache_type(self): return self.cache_args["type"] def render(self, *args, **data): """Render the output of this template as a string. If the template specifies an output encoding, the string will be encoded accordingly, else the output is raw (raw output uses `StringIO` and can't handle multibyte characters). A :class:`.Context` object is created corresponding to the given data. Arguments that are explicitly declared by this template's internal rendering method are also pulled from the given ``*args``, ``**data`` members. """ return runtime._render(self, self.callable_, args, data) def render_unicode(self, *args, **data): """Render the output of this template as a unicode object.""" return runtime._render( self, self.callable_, args, data, as_unicode=True ) def render_context(self, context, *args, **kwargs): """Render this :class:`.Template` with the given context. The data is written to the context's buffer. """ if getattr(context, "_with_template", None) is None: context._set_with_template(self) runtime._render_context(self, self.callable_, context, *args, **kwargs) def has_def(self, name): return hasattr(self.module, "render_%s" % name) def get_def(self, name): """Return a def of this template as a :class:`.DefTemplate`.""" return DefTemplate(self, getattr(self.module, "render_%s" % name)) def list_defs(self): """return a list of defs in the template. .. versionadded:: 1.0.4 """ return [i[7:] for i in dir(self.module) if i[:7] == "render_"] def _get_def_callable(self, name): return getattr(self.module, "render_%s" % name) @property def last_modified(self): return self.module._modified_time class ModuleTemplate(Template): """A Template which is constructed given an existing Python module. e.g.:: t = Template("this is a template") f = file("mymodule.py", "w") f.write(t.code) f.close() import mymodule t = ModuleTemplate(mymodule) print(t.render()) """ def __init__( self, module, module_filename=None, template=None, template_filename=None, module_source=None, template_source=None, output_encoding=None, encoding_errors="strict", format_exceptions=False, error_handler=None, lookup=None, cache_args=None, cache_impl="beaker", cache_enabled=True, cache_type=None, cache_dir=None, cache_url=None, include_error_handler=None, ): self.module_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", module._template_uri) self.uri = module._template_uri self.input_encoding = module._source_encoding self.output_encoding = output_encoding self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors self.enable_loop = module._enable_loop self.module = module self.filename = template_filename ModuleInfo( module, module_filename, self, template_filename, module_source, template_source, module._template_uri, ) self.callable_ = self.module.render_body self.format_exceptions = format_exceptions self.error_handler = error_handler self.include_error_handler = include_error_handler self.lookup = lookup self._setup_cache_args( cache_impl, cache_enabled, cache_args, cache_type, cache_dir, cache_url, ) class DefTemplate(Template): """A :class:`.Template` which represents a callable def in a parent template.""" def __init__(self, parent, callable_): self.parent = parent self.callable_ = callable_ self.output_encoding = parent.output_encoding self.module = parent.module self.encoding_errors = parent.encoding_errors self.format_exceptions = parent.format_exceptions self.error_handler = parent.error_handler self.include_error_handler = parent.include_error_handler self.enable_loop = parent.enable_loop self.lookup = parent.lookup def get_def(self, name): return self.parent.get_def(name) class ModuleInfo: """Stores information about a module currently loaded into memory, provides reverse lookups of template source, module source code based on a module's identifier. """ _modules = weakref.WeakValueDictionary() def __init__( self, module, module_filename, template, template_filename, module_source, template_source, template_uri, ): self.module = module self.module_filename = module_filename self.template_filename = template_filename self.module_source = module_source self.template_source = template_source self.template_uri = template_uri self._modules[module.__name__] = template._mmarker = self if module_filename: self._modules[module_filename] = self @classmethod def get_module_source_metadata(cls, module_source, full_line_map=False): source_map = re.search( r"__M_BEGIN_METADATA(.+?)__M_END_METADATA", module_source, re.S ).group(1) source_map = json.loads(source_map) source_map["line_map"] = { int(k): int(v) for k, v in source_map["line_map"].items() } if full_line_map: f_line_map = source_map["full_line_map"] = [] line_map = source_map["line_map"] curr_templ_line = 1 for mod_line in range(1, max(line_map)): if mod_line in line_map: curr_templ_line = line_map[mod_line] f_line_map.append(curr_templ_line) return source_map @property def code(self): if self.module_source is not None: return self.module_source else: return util.read_python_file(self.module_filename) @property def source(self): if self.template_source is None: data = util.read_file(self.template_filename) if self.module._source_encoding: return data.decode(self.module._source_encoding) else: return data elif self.module._source_encoding and not isinstance( self.template_source, str ): return self.template_source.decode(self.module._source_encoding) else: return self.template_source def _compile(template, text, filename, generate_magic_comment): lexer = template.lexer_cls( text, filename, input_encoding=template.input_encoding, preprocessor=template.preprocessor, ) node = lexer.parse() source = codegen.compile( node, template.uri, filename, default_filters=template.default_filters, buffer_filters=template.buffer_filters, imports=template.imports, future_imports=template.future_imports, source_encoding=lexer.encoding, generate_magic_comment=generate_magic_comment, strict_undefined=template.strict_undefined, enable_loop=template.enable_loop, reserved_names=template.reserved_names, ) return source, lexer def _compile_text(template, text, filename): identifier = template.module_id source, lexer = _compile( template, text, filename, generate_magic_comment=False ) cid = identifier module = types.ModuleType(cid) code = compile(source, cid, "exec") # this exec() works for 2.4->3.3. exec(code, module.__dict__, module.__dict__) return (source, module) def _compile_module_file(template, text, filename, outputpath, module_writer): source, lexer = _compile( template, text, filename, generate_magic_comment=True ) if isinstance(source, str): source = source.encode(lexer.encoding or "ascii") if module_writer: module_writer(source, outputpath) else: # make tempfiles in the same location as the ultimate # location. this ensures they're on the same filesystem, # avoiding synchronization issues. (dest, name) = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(outputpath)) os.write(dest, source) os.close(dest) shutil.move(name, outputpath) def _get_module_info_from_callable(callable_): return _get_module_info(callable_.__globals__["__name__"]) def _get_module_info(filename): return ModuleInfo._modules[filename]