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# = uri/common.rb # # Author:: Akira Yamada <akira@ruby-lang.org> # Revision:: $Id: common.rb 14178 2007-12-10 09:31:55Z matz $ # License:: # You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same term as Ruby. # module URI module REGEXP # # Patterns used to parse URI's # module PATTERN # :stopdoc: # RFC 2396 (URI Generic Syntax) # RFC 2732 (IPv6 Literal Addresses in URL's) # RFC 2373 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture) # alpha = lowalpha | upalpha ALPHA = "a-zA-Z" # alphanum = alpha | digit ALNUM = "#{ALPHA}\\d" # hex = digit | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" | # "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" HEX = "a-fA-F\\d" # escaped = "%" hex hex ESCAPED = "%[#{HEX}]{2}" # mark = "-" | "_" | "." | "!" | "~" | "*" | "'" | # "(" | ")" # unreserved = alphanum | mark UNRESERVED = "-_.!~*'()#{ALNUM}" # reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | # "$" | "," # reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | # "$" | "," | "[" | "]" (RFC 2732) RESERVED = ";/?:@&=+$,\\[\\]" # uric = reserved | unreserved | escaped URIC = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED}#{RESERVED}]|#{ESCAPED})" # uric_no_slash = unreserved | escaped | ";" | "?" | ":" | "@" | # "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," URIC_NO_SLASH = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED};?:@&=+$,]|#{ESCAPED})" # query = *uric QUERY = "#{URIC}*" # fragment = *uric FRAGMENT = "#{URIC}*" # domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum DOMLABEL = "(?:[#{ALNUM}](?:[-#{ALNUM}]*[#{ALNUM}])?)" # toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum TOPLABEL = "(?:[#{ALPHA}](?:[-#{ALNUM}]*[#{ALNUM}])?)" # hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] HOSTNAME = "(?:#{DOMLABEL}\\.)*#{TOPLABEL}\\.?" # RFC 2373, APPENDIX B: # IPv6address = hexpart [ ":" IPv4address ] # IPv4address = 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT # hexpart = hexseq | hexseq "::" [ hexseq ] | "::" [ hexseq ] # hexseq = hex4 *( ":" hex4) # hex4 = 1*4HEXDIG # # XXX: This definition has a flaw. "::" + IPv4address must be # allowed too. Here is a replacement. # # IPv4address = 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT IPV4ADDR = "\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}" # hex4 = 1*4HEXDIG HEX4 = "[#{HEX}]{1,4}" # lastpart = hex4 | IPv4address LASTPART = "(?:#{HEX4}|#{IPV4ADDR})" # hexseq1 = *( hex4 ":" ) hex4 HEXSEQ1 = "(?:#{HEX4}:)*#{HEX4}" # hexseq2 = *( hex4 ":" ) lastpart HEXSEQ2 = "(?:#{HEX4}:)*#{LASTPART}" # IPv6address = hexseq2 | [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq2 ] IPV6ADDR = "(?:#{HEXSEQ2}|(?:#{HEXSEQ1})?::(?:#{HEXSEQ2})?)" # IPv6prefix = ( hexseq1 | [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq1 ] ) "/" 1*2DIGIT # unused # ipv6reference = "[" IPv6address "]" (RFC 2732) IPV6REF = "\\[#{IPV6ADDR}\\]" # host = hostname | IPv4address # host = hostname | IPv4address | IPv6reference (RFC 2732) HOST = "(?:#{HOSTNAME}|#{IPV4ADDR}|#{IPV6REF})" # port = *digit PORT = '\d*' # hostport = host [ ":" port ] HOSTPORT = "#{HOST}(?::#{PORT})?" # userinfo = *( unreserved | escaped | # ";" | ":" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," ) USERINFO = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED};:&=+$,]|#{ESCAPED})*" # pchar = unreserved | escaped | # ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," PCHAR = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED}:@&=+$,]|#{ESCAPED})" # param = *pchar PARAM = "#{PCHAR}*" # segment = *pchar *( ";" param ) SEGMENT = "#{PCHAR}*(?:;#{PARAM})*" # path_segments = segment *( "/" segment ) PATH_SEGMENTS = "#{SEGMENT}(?:/#{SEGMENT})*" # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] SERVER = "(?:#{USERINFO}@)?#{HOSTPORT}" # reg_name = 1*( unreserved | escaped | "$" | "," | # ";" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" ) REG_NAME = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED}$,;:@&=+]|#{ESCAPED})+" # authority = server | reg_name AUTHORITY = "(?:#{SERVER}|#{REG_NAME})" # rel_segment = 1*( unreserved | escaped | # ";" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," ) REL_SEGMENT = "(?:[#{UNRESERVED};@&=+$,]|#{ESCAPED})+" # scheme = alpha *( alpha | digit | "+" | "-" | "." ) SCHEME = "[#{ALPHA}][-+.#{ALPHA}\\d]*" # abs_path = "/" path_segments ABS_PATH = "/#{PATH_SEGMENTS}" # rel_path = rel_segment [ abs_path ] REL_PATH = "#{REL_SEGMENT}(?:#{ABS_PATH})?" # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] NET_PATH = "//#{AUTHORITY}(?:#{ABS_PATH})?" # hier_part = ( net_path | abs_path ) [ "?" query ] HIER_PART = "(?:#{NET_PATH}|#{ABS_PATH})(?:\\?(?:#{QUERY}))?" # opaque_part = uric_no_slash *uric OPAQUE_PART = "#{URIC_NO_SLASH}#{URIC}*" # absoluteURI = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part ) ABS_URI = "#{SCHEME}:(?:#{HIER_PART}|#{OPAQUE_PART})" # relativeURI = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ] REL_URI = "(?:#{NET_PATH}|#{ABS_PATH}|#{REL_PATH})(?:\\?#{QUERY})?" # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] URI_REF = "(?:#{ABS_URI}|#{REL_URI})?(?:##{FRAGMENT})?" # XXX: X_ABS_URI = " (#{PATTERN::SCHEME}): (?# 1: scheme) (?: (#{PATTERN::OPAQUE_PART}) (?# 2: opaque) | (?:(?: //(?: (?:(?:(#{PATTERN::USERINFO})@)? (?# 3: userinfo) (?:(#{PATTERN::HOST})(?::(\\d*))?))?(?# 4: host, 5: port) | (#{PATTERN::REG_NAME}) (?# 6: registry) ) | (?!//)) (?# XXX: '//' is the mark for hostport) (#{PATTERN::ABS_PATH})? (?# 7: path) )(?:\\?(#{PATTERN::QUERY}))? (?# 8: query) ) (?:\\#(#{PATTERN::FRAGMENT}))? (?# 9: fragment) " X_REL_URI = " (?: (?: // (?: (?:(#{PATTERN::USERINFO})@)? (?# 1: userinfo) (#{PATTERN::HOST})?(?::(\\d*))? (?# 2: host, 3: port) | (#{PATTERN::REG_NAME}) (?# 4: registry) ) ) | (#{PATTERN::REL_SEGMENT}) (?# 5: rel_segment) )? (#{PATTERN::ABS_PATH})? (?# 6: abs_path) (?:\\?(#{PATTERN::QUERY}))? (?# 7: query) (?:\\#(#{PATTERN::FRAGMENT}))? (?# 8: fragment) " # :startdoc: end # PATTERN # :stopdoc: # for URI::split ABS_URI = Regexp.new('^' + PATTERN::X_ABS_URI + '$', #' Regexp::EXTENDED, 'N').freeze REL_URI = Regexp.new('^' + PATTERN::X_REL_URI + '$', #' Regexp::EXTENDED, 'N').freeze # for URI::extract URI_REF = Regexp.new(PATTERN::URI_REF, false, 'N').freeze ABS_URI_REF = Regexp.new(PATTERN::X_ABS_URI, Regexp::EXTENDED, 'N').freeze REL_URI_REF = Regexp.new(PATTERN::X_REL_URI, Regexp::EXTENDED, 'N').freeze # for URI::escape/unescape ESCAPED = Regexp.new(PATTERN::ESCAPED, false, 'N').freeze UNSAFE = Regexp.new("[^#{PATTERN::UNRESERVED}#{PATTERN::RESERVED}]", false, 'N').freeze # for Generic#initialize SCHEME = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::SCHEME}$", false, 'N').freeze #" USERINFO = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::USERINFO}$", false, 'N').freeze #" HOST = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::HOST}$", false, 'N').freeze #" PORT = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::PORT}$", false, 'N').freeze #" OPAQUE = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::OPAQUE_PART}$", false, 'N').freeze #" REGISTRY = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::REG_NAME}$", false, 'N').freeze #" ABS_PATH = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::ABS_PATH}$", false, 'N').freeze #" REL_PATH = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::REL_PATH}$", false, 'N').freeze #" QUERY = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::QUERY}$", false, 'N').freeze #" FRAGMENT = Regexp.new("^#{PATTERN::FRAGMENT}$", false, 'N').freeze #" # :startdoc: end # REGEXP module Util # :nodoc: def make_components_hash(klass, array_hash) tmp = {} if array_hash.kind_of?(Array) && array_hash.size == klass.component.size - 1 klass.component[1..-1].each_index do |i| begin tmp[klass.component[i + 1]] = array_hash[i].clone rescue TypeError tmp[klass.component[i + 1]] = array_hash[i] end end elsif array_hash.kind_of?(Hash) array_hash.each do |key, value| begin tmp[key] = value.clone rescue TypeError tmp[key] = value end end else raise ArgumentError, "expected Array of or Hash of components of #{klass.to_s} (#{klass.component[1..-1].join(', ')})" end tmp[:scheme] = klass.to_s.sub(/\A.*::/, '').downcase return tmp end module_function :make_components_hash end module Escape include REGEXP # # == Synopsis # # URI.escape(str [, unsafe]) # # == Args # # +str+:: # String to replaces in. # +unsafe+:: # Regexp that matches all symbols that must be replaced with codes. # By default uses <tt>REGEXP::UNSAFE</tt>. # When this argument is a String, it represents a character set. # # == Description # # Escapes the string, replacing all unsafe characters with codes. # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # enc_uri = URI.escape("http://example.com/?a=\11\15") # p enc_uri # # => "http://example.com/?a=%09%0D" # # p URI.unescape(enc_uri) # # => "http://example.com/?a=\t\r" # # p URI.escape("@?@!", "!?") # # => "@%3F@%21" # def escape(str, unsafe = UNSAFE) unless unsafe.kind_of?(Regexp) # perhaps unsafe is String object unsafe = Regexp.new("[#{Regexp.quote(unsafe)}]", false, 'N') end str.gsub(unsafe) do |us| tmp = '' us.each_byte do |uc| tmp << sprintf('%%%02X', uc) end tmp end end alias encode escape # # == Synopsis # # URI.unescape(str) # # == Args # # +str+:: # Unescapes the string. # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # enc_uri = URI.escape("http://example.com/?a=\11\15") # p enc_uri # # => "http://example.com/?a=%09%0D" # # p URI.unescape(enc_uri) # # => "http://example.com/?a=\t\r" # def unescape(str) str.gsub(ESCAPED) do $&[1,2].hex.chr end end alias decode unescape end include REGEXP extend Escape @@schemes = {} # # Base class for all URI exceptions. # class Error < StandardError; end # # Not a URI. # class InvalidURIError < Error; end # # Not a URI component. # class InvalidComponentError < Error; end # # URI is valid, bad usage is not. # class BadURIError < Error; end # # == Synopsis # # URI::split(uri) # # == Args # # +uri+:: # String with URI. # # == Description # # Splits the string on following parts and returns array with result: # # * Scheme # * Userinfo # * Host # * Port # * Registry # * Path # * Opaque # * Query # * Fragment # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # p URI.split("http://www.ruby-lang.org/") # # => ["http", nil, "www.ruby-lang.org", nil, nil, "/", nil, nil, nil] # def self.split(uri) case uri when '' # null uri when ABS_URI scheme, opaque, userinfo, host, port, registry, path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1] # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] # absoluteURI = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part ) # hier_part = ( net_path | abs_path ) [ "?" query ] # opaque_part = uric_no_slash *uric # abs_path = "/" path_segments # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] # authority = server | reg_name # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] if !scheme raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(absolute but no scheme): #{uri}" end if !opaque && (!path && (!host && !registry)) raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(absolute but no path): #{uri}" end when REL_URI scheme = nil opaque = nil userinfo, host, port, registry, rel_segment, abs_path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1] if rel_segment && abs_path path = rel_segment + abs_path elsif rel_segment path = rel_segment elsif abs_path path = abs_path end # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] # relativeURI = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ] # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] # abs_path = "/" path_segments # rel_path = rel_segment [ abs_path ] # authority = server | reg_name # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] else raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(is not URI?): #{uri}" end path = '' if !path && !opaque # (see RFC2396 Section 5.2) ret = [ scheme, userinfo, host, port, # X registry, # X path, # Y opaque, # Y query, fragment ] return ret end # # == Synopsis # # URI::parse(uri_str) # # == Args # # +uri_str+:: # String with URI. # # == Description # # Creates one of the URI's subclasses instance from the string. # # == Raises # # URI::InvalidURIError # Raised if URI given is not a correct one. # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # uri = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/") # p uri # # => #<URI::HTTP:0x202281be URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/> # p uri.scheme # # => "http" # p uri.host # # => "www.ruby-lang.org" # def self.parse(uri) scheme, userinfo, host, port, registry, path, opaque, query, fragment = self.split(uri) if scheme && @@schemes.include?(scheme.upcase) @@schemes[scheme.upcase].new(scheme, userinfo, host, port, registry, path, opaque, query, fragment) else Generic.new(scheme, userinfo, host, port, registry, path, opaque, query, fragment) end end # # == Synopsis # # URI::join(str[, str, ...]) # # == Args # # +str+:: # String(s) to work with # # == Description # # Joins URIs. # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # p URI.join("http://localhost/","main.rbx") # # => #<URI::HTTP:0x2022ac02 URL:http://localhost/main.rbx> # def self.join(*str) u = self.parse(str[0]) str[1 .. -1].each do |x| u = u.merge(x) end u end # # == Synopsis # # URI::extract(str[, schemes][,&blk]) # # == Args # # +str+:: # String to extract URIs from. # +schemes+:: # Limit URI matching to a specific schemes. # # == Description # # Extracts URIs from a string. If block given, iterates through all matched URIs. # Returns nil if block given or array with matches. # # == Usage # # require "uri" # # URI.extract("text here http://foo.example.org/bla and here mailto:test@example.com and here also.") # # => ["http://foo.example.com/bla", "mailto:test@example.com"] # def self.extract(str, schemes = nil, &block) if block_given? str.scan(regexp(schemes)) { yield $& } nil else result = [] str.scan(regexp(schemes)) { result.push $& } result end end # # == Synopsis # # URI::regexp([match_schemes]) # # == Args # # +match_schemes+:: # Array of schemes. If given, resulting regexp matches to URIs # whose scheme is one of the match_schemes. # # == Description # Returns a Regexp object which matches to URI-like strings. # The Regexp object returned by this method includes arbitrary # number of capture group (parentheses). Never rely on it's number. # # == Usage # # require 'uri' # # # extract first URI from html_string # html_string.slice(URI.regexp) # # # remove ftp URIs # html_string.sub(URI.regexp(['ftp']) # # # You should not rely on the number of parentheses # html_string.scan(URI.regexp) do |*matches| # p $& # end # def self.regexp(schemes = nil) unless schemes ABS_URI_REF else /(?=#{Regexp.union(*schemes)}:)#{PATTERN::X_ABS_URI}/xn end end end module Kernel # alias for URI.parse. # # This method is introduced at 1.8.2. def URI(uri_str) # :doc: URI.parse(uri_str) end module_function :URI end