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misc.py
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""" A module that brings in equivalents of various modified Python 3 builtins into Py2. Has no effect on Py3. The builtin functions are: - ``ascii`` (from Py2's future_builtins module) - ``hex`` (from Py2's future_builtins module) - ``oct`` (from Py2's future_builtins module) - ``chr`` (equivalent to ``unichr`` on Py2) - ``input`` (equivalent to ``raw_input`` on Py2) - ``next`` (calls ``__next__`` if it exists, else ``next`` method) - ``open`` (equivalent to io.open on Py2) - ``super`` (backport of Py3's magic zero-argument super() function - ``round`` (new "Banker's Rounding" behaviour from Py3) ``isinstance`` is also currently exported for backwards compatibility with v0.8.2, although this has been deprecated since v0.9. input() ------- Like the new ``input()`` function from Python 3 (without eval()), except that it returns bytes. Equivalent to Python 2's ``raw_input()``. Warning: By default, importing this module *removes* the old Python 2 input() function entirely from ``__builtin__`` for safety. This is because forgetting to import the new ``input`` from ``future`` might otherwise lead to a security vulnerability (shell injection) on Python 2. To restore it, you can retrieve it yourself from ``__builtin__._old_input``. Fortunately, ``input()`` seems to be seldom used in the wild in Python 2... """ from future import utils if utils.PY2: from io import open from future_builtins import ascii, oct, hex from __builtin__ import unichr as chr, pow as _builtin_pow import __builtin__ # Only for backward compatibility with future v0.8.2: isinstance = __builtin__.isinstance # Warning: Python 2's input() is unsafe and MUST not be able to be used # accidentally by someone who expects Python 3 semantics but forgets # to import it on Python 2. Versions of ``future`` prior to 0.11 # deleted it from __builtin__. Now we keep in __builtin__ but shadow # the name like all others. Just be sure to import ``input``. input = raw_input from future.builtins.newnext import newnext as next from future.builtins.newround import newround as round from future.builtins.newsuper import newsuper as super from future.types.newint import newint _SENTINEL = object() def pow(x, y, z=_SENTINEL): """ pow(x, y[, z]) -> number With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments, equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for ints). """ # Handle newints if isinstance(x, newint): x = long(x) if isinstance(y, newint): y = long(y) if isinstance(z, newint): z = long(z) try: if z == _SENTINEL: return _builtin_pow(x, y) else: return _builtin_pow(x, y, z) except ValueError: if z == _SENTINEL: return _builtin_pow(x+0j, y) else: return _builtin_pow(x+0j, y, z) # ``future`` doesn't support Py3.0/3.1. If we ever did, we'd add this: # callable = __builtin__.callable __all__ = ['ascii', 'chr', 'hex', 'input', 'isinstance', 'next', 'oct', 'open', 'pow', 'round', 'super'] else: import builtins ascii = builtins.ascii chr = builtins.chr hex = builtins.hex input = builtins.input next = builtins.next # Only for backward compatibility with future v0.8.2: isinstance = builtins.isinstance oct = builtins.oct open = builtins.open pow = builtins.pow round = builtins.round super = builtins.super __all__ = [] # The callable() function was removed from Py3.0 and 3.1 and # reintroduced into Py3.2+. ``future`` doesn't support Py3.0/3.1. If we ever # did, we'd add this: # try: # callable = builtins.callable # except AttributeError: # # Definition from Pandas # def callable(obj): # return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__) # __all__.append('callable')