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Filename : base64.rb
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# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# = base64.rb: methods for base64-encoding and -decoding strings
#

# The Base64 module provides for the encoding (#encode64, #strict_encode64,
# #urlsafe_encode64) and decoding (#decode64, #strict_decode64,
# #urlsafe_decode64) of binary data using a Base64 representation.
#
# == Example
#
# A simple encoding and decoding.
#
#     require "base64"
#
#     enc   = Base64.encode64('Send reinforcements')
#                         # -> "U2VuZCByZWluZm9yY2VtZW50cw==\n"
#     plain = Base64.decode64(enc)
#                         # -> "Send reinforcements"
#
# The purpose of using base64 to encode data is that it translates any
# binary data into purely printable characters.

module Base64
  module_function

  # Returns the Base64-encoded version of +bin+.
  # This method complies with RFC 2045.
  # Line feeds are added to every 60 encoded characters.
  #
  #    require 'base64'
  #    Base64.encode64("Now is the time for all good coders\nto learn Ruby")
  #
  # <i>Generates:</i>
  #
  #    Tm93IGlzIHRoZSB0aW1lIGZvciBhbGwgZ29vZCBjb2RlcnMKdG8gbGVhcm4g
  #    UnVieQ==
  def encode64(bin)
    [bin].pack("m")
  end

  # Returns the Base64-decoded version of +str+.
  # This method complies with RFC 2045.
  # Characters outside the base alphabet are ignored.
  #
  #   require 'base64'
  #   str = 'VGhpcyBpcyBsaW5lIG9uZQpUaGlzIG' +
  #         'lzIGxpbmUgdHdvClRoaXMgaXMgbGlu' +
  #         'ZSB0aHJlZQpBbmQgc28gb24uLi4K'
  #   puts Base64.decode64(str)
  #
  # <i>Generates:</i>
  #
  #    This is line one
  #    This is line two
  #    This is line three
  #    And so on...
  def decode64(str)
    str.unpack1("m")
  end

  # Returns the Base64-encoded version of +bin+.
  # This method complies with RFC 4648.
  # No line feeds are added.
  def strict_encode64(bin)
    [bin].pack("m0")
  end

  # Returns the Base64-decoded version of +str+.
  # This method complies with RFC 4648.
  # ArgumentError is raised if +str+ is incorrectly padded or contains
  # non-alphabet characters.  Note that CR or LF are also rejected.
  def strict_decode64(str)
    str.unpack1("m0")
  end

  # Returns the Base64-encoded version of +bin+.
  # This method complies with ``Base 64 Encoding with URL and Filename Safe
  # Alphabet'' in RFC 4648.
  # The alphabet uses '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'.
  # Note that the result can still contain '='.
  # You can remove the padding by setting +padding+ as false.
  def urlsafe_encode64(bin, padding: true)
    str = strict_encode64(bin)
    str.tr!("+/", "-_")
    str.delete!("=") unless padding
    str
  end

  # Returns the Base64-decoded version of +str+.
  # This method complies with ``Base 64 Encoding with URL and Filename Safe
  # Alphabet'' in RFC 4648.
  # The alphabet uses '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'.
  #
  # The padding character is optional.
  # This method accepts both correctly-padded and unpadded input.
  # Note that it still rejects incorrectly-padded input.
  def urlsafe_decode64(str)
    # NOTE: RFC 4648 does say nothing about unpadded input, but says that
    # "the excess pad characters MAY also be ignored", so it is inferred that
    # unpadded input is also acceptable.
    str = str.tr("-_", "+/")
    if !str.end_with?("=") && str.length % 4 != 0
      str = str.ljust((str.length + 3) & ~3, "=")
    end
    strict_decode64(str)
  end
end