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# If you use the GNU debugger gdb to debug the Python C runtime, you # might find some of the following commands useful. Copy this to your # ~/.gdbinit file and it'll get loaded into gdb automatically when you # start it up. Then, at the gdb prompt you can do things like: # # (gdb) pyo apyobjectptr # <module 'foobar' (built-in)> # refcounts: 1 # address : 84a7a2c # $1 = void # (gdb) # # NOTE: If you have gdb 7 or later, it supports debugging of Python directly # with embedded macros that you may find superior to what is in here. # See Tools/gdb/libpython.py and http://bugs.python.org/issue8032. define pyo # side effect of calling _PyObject_Dump is to dump the object's # info - assigning just prevents gdb from printing the # NULL return value set $_unused_void = _PyObject_Dump($arg0) end document pyo Prints a representation of the object to stderr, along with the number of reference counts it currently has and the hex address the object is allocated at. The argument must be a PyObject* end define pyg print _PyGC_Dump($arg0) end document pyg Prints a representation of the object to stderr, along with the number of reference counts it currently has and the hex address the object is allocated at. The argument must be a PyGC_Head* end define pylocals set $_i = 0 while $_i < f->f_code->co_nlocals if f->f_localsplus + $_i != 0 set $_names = f->f_code->co_varnames set $_name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(PyTuple_GetItem($_names, $_i)) printf "%s:\n", $_name pyo f->f_localsplus[$_i] end set $_i = $_i + 1 end end document pylocals Print the local variables of the current frame. end # A rewrite of the Python interpreter's line number calculator in GDB's # command language define lineno set $__continue = 1 set $__co = f->f_code set $__lasti = f->f_lasti set $__sz = ((PyVarObject *)$__co->co_lnotab)->ob_size/2 set $__p = (unsigned char *)((PyBytesObject *)$__co->co_lnotab)->ob_sval set $__li = $__co->co_firstlineno set $__ad = 0 while ($__sz-1 >= 0 && $__continue) set $__sz = $__sz - 1 set $__ad = $__ad + *$__p set $__p = $__p + 1 if ($__ad > $__lasti) set $__continue = 0 else set $__li = $__li + *$__p set $__p = $__p + 1 end end printf "%d", $__li end define pyframev pyframe pylocals end document pyframev Print the current frame - verbose end define pyframe set $__fn = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_filename) set $__n = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_name) printf "%s (", $__fn lineno printf "): %s\n", $__n ### Uncomment these lines when using from within Emacs/XEmacs so it will ### automatically track/display the current Python source line # printf "%c%c%s:", 032, 032, $__fn # lineno # printf ":1\n" end ### Use these at your own risk. It appears that a bug in gdb causes it ### to crash in certain circumstances. #define up # up-silently 1 # printframe #end #define down # down-silently 1 # printframe #end define printframe if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrameEx && $pc < _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault pyframe else frame end end # Here's a somewhat fragile way to print the entire Python stack from gdb. # It's fragile because the tests for the value of $pc depend on the layout # of specific functions in the C source code. # Explanation of while and if tests: We want to pop up the stack until we # land in Py_Main (this is probably an incorrect assumption in an embedded # interpreter, but the test can be extended by an interested party). If # Py_Main <= $pc <= Py_GetArgcArv is true, $pc is in Py_Main(), so the while # tests succeeds as long as it's not true. In a similar fashion the if # statement tests to see if we are in PyEval_EvalFrameEx(). # Note: The name of the main interpreter function and the function which # follow it has changed over time. This version of pystack works with this # version of Python. If you try using it with older or newer versions of # the interpreter you may will have to change the functions you compare with # $pc. define pystack while $pc < Py_Main || $pc > Py_GetArgcArgv if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrameEx && $pc < _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault pyframe end up-silently 1 end select-frame 0 end document pystack Print the entire Python call stack end define pystackv while $pc < Py_Main || $pc > Py_GetArgcArgv if $pc > PyEval_EvalFrameEx && $pc < _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault pyframev end up-silently 1 end select-frame 0 end document pystackv Print the entire Python call stack - verbose mode end define pu set $uni = $arg0 set $i = 0 while (*$uni && $i++<100) if (*$uni < 0x80) print *(char*)$uni++ else print /x *(short*)$uni++ end end end document pu Generally useful macro to print a Unicode string end