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Filename : sharedctypes.py
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#
# Module which supports allocation of ctypes objects from shared memory
#
# multiprocessing/sharedctypes.py
#
# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of author nor the names of any contributors may be
#    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
#    without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
# SUCH DAMAGE.
#

import sys
import ctypes
import weakref

from multiprocessing import heap, RLock
from multiprocessing.forking import assert_spawning, ForkingPickler

__all__ = ['RawValue', 'RawArray', 'Value', 'Array', 'copy', 'synchronized']

#
#
#

typecode_to_type = {
    'c': ctypes.c_char,
    'b': ctypes.c_byte,  'B': ctypes.c_ubyte,
    'h': ctypes.c_short, 'H': ctypes.c_ushort,
    'i': ctypes.c_int,   'I': ctypes.c_uint,
    'l': ctypes.c_long,  'L': ctypes.c_ulong,
    'f': ctypes.c_float, 'd': ctypes.c_double
    }
try:
    typecode_to_type['u'] = ctypes.c_wchar
except AttributeError:
    pass


#
#
#

def _new_value(type_):
    size = ctypes.sizeof(type_)
    wrapper = heap.BufferWrapper(size)
    return rebuild_ctype(type_, wrapper, None)

def RawValue(typecode_or_type, *args):
    '''
    Returns a ctypes object allocated from shared memory
    '''
    type_ = typecode_to_type.get(typecode_or_type, typecode_or_type)
    obj = _new_value(type_)
    ctypes.memset(ctypes.addressof(obj), 0, ctypes.sizeof(obj))
    obj.__init__(*args)
    return obj

def RawArray(typecode_or_type, size_or_initializer):
    '''
    Returns a ctypes array allocated from shared memory
    '''
    type_ = typecode_to_type.get(typecode_or_type, typecode_or_type)
    if isinstance(size_or_initializer, (int, long)):
        type_ = type_ * size_or_initializer
        obj = _new_value(type_)
        ctypes.memset(ctypes.addressof(obj), 0, ctypes.sizeof(obj))
        return obj
    else:
        type_ = type_ * len(size_or_initializer)
        result = _new_value(type_)
        result.__init__(*size_or_initializer)
        return result

def Value(typecode_or_type, *args, **kwds):
    '''
    Return a synchronization wrapper for a Value
    '''
    lock = kwds.pop('lock', None)
    if kwds:
        raise ValueError('unrecognized keyword argument(s): %s' % kwds.keys())
    obj = RawValue(typecode_or_type, *args)
    if lock is False:
        return obj
    if lock in (True, None):
        lock = RLock()
    if not hasattr(lock, 'acquire'):
        raise AttributeError("'%r' has no method 'acquire'" % lock)
    return synchronized(obj, lock)

def Array(typecode_or_type, size_or_initializer, **kwds):
    '''
    Return a synchronization wrapper for a RawArray
    '''
    lock = kwds.pop('lock', None)
    if kwds:
        raise ValueError('unrecognized keyword argument(s): %s' % kwds.keys())
    obj = RawArray(typecode_or_type, size_or_initializer)
    if lock is False:
        return obj
    if lock in (True, None):
        lock = RLock()
    if not hasattr(lock, 'acquire'):
        raise AttributeError("'%r' has no method 'acquire'" % lock)
    return synchronized(obj, lock)

def copy(obj):
    new_obj = _new_value(type(obj))
    ctypes.pointer(new_obj)[0] = obj
    return new_obj

def synchronized(obj, lock=None):
    assert not isinstance(obj, SynchronizedBase), 'object already synchronized'

    if isinstance(obj, ctypes._SimpleCData):
        return Synchronized(obj, lock)
    elif isinstance(obj, ctypes.Array):
        if obj._type_ is ctypes.c_char:
            return SynchronizedString(obj, lock)
        return SynchronizedArray(obj, lock)
    else:
        cls = type(obj)
        try:
            scls = class_cache[cls]
        except KeyError:
            names = [field[0] for field in cls._fields_]
            d = dict((name, make_property(name)) for name in names)
            classname = 'Synchronized' + cls.__name__
            scls = class_cache[cls] = type(classname, (SynchronizedBase,), d)
        return scls(obj, lock)

#
# Functions for pickling/unpickling
#

def reduce_ctype(obj):
    assert_spawning(obj)
    if isinstance(obj, ctypes.Array):
        return rebuild_ctype, (obj._type_, obj._wrapper, obj._length_)
    else:
        return rebuild_ctype, (type(obj), obj._wrapper, None)

def rebuild_ctype(type_, wrapper, length):
    if length is not None:
        type_ = type_ * length
    ForkingPickler.register(type_, reduce_ctype)
    obj = type_.from_address(wrapper.get_address())
    obj._wrapper = wrapper
    return obj

#
# Function to create properties
#

def make_property(name):
    try:
        return prop_cache[name]
    except KeyError:
        d = {}
        exec template % ((name,)*7) in d
        prop_cache[name] = d[name]
        return d[name]

template = '''
def get%s(self):
    self.acquire()
    try:
        return self._obj.%s
    finally:
        self.release()
def set%s(self, value):
    self.acquire()
    try:
        self._obj.%s = value
    finally:
        self.release()
%s = property(get%s, set%s)
'''

prop_cache = {}
class_cache = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()

#
# Synchronized wrappers
#

class SynchronizedBase(object):

    def __init__(self, obj, lock=None):
        self._obj = obj
        self._lock = lock or RLock()
        self.acquire = self._lock.acquire
        self.release = self._lock.release

    def __reduce__(self):
        assert_spawning(self)
        return synchronized, (self._obj, self._lock)

    def get_obj(self):
        return self._obj

    def get_lock(self):
        return self._lock

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s wrapper for %s>' % (type(self).__name__, self._obj)


class Synchronized(SynchronizedBase):
    value = make_property('value')


class SynchronizedArray(SynchronizedBase):

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._obj)

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        self.acquire()
        try:
            return self._obj[i]
        finally:
            self.release()

    def __setitem__(self, i, value):
        self.acquire()
        try:
            self._obj[i] = value
        finally:
            self.release()

    def __getslice__(self, start, stop):
        self.acquire()
        try:
            return self._obj[start:stop]
        finally:
            self.release()

    def __setslice__(self, start, stop, values):
        self.acquire()
        try:
            self._obj[start:stop] = values
        finally:
            self.release()


class SynchronizedString(SynchronizedArray):
    value = make_property('value')
    raw = make_property('raw')